Valley fever, a fungal disease characterized by cough and fevers, is experiencing a significant surge this year. More than 5,300 cases have been reported in California through June, marking a 63% increase compared to the same period last year.
Valley fever is caused by inhaling microscopic spores of the fungus Coccidioides, found in soil. While many cases are mild and resolve on their own, some infections can become severe enough to require hospitalization. The disease is not contagious, but about 80 Californians die from it annually. Moderate cases may persist for months and necessitate antifungal medication.
Earlier this week, the California Department of Public Health reported that several people contracted Valley fever after attending an outdoor music festival at Buena Vista Lake in Kern County in May. Three attendees were hospitalized. Health officials urge anyone who attended the Lightning in a Bottle festival and feels unwell to contact their healthcare provider.
Historically, most Valley fever cases have been reported in Kern County, but significant numbers have also been identified in Los Angeles, Fresno, and Central Coast counties. As cases rise across the state, here are four key points about Valley fever:
- Cause: Valley fever is caused by the fungus Coccidioides. Spores can be stirred into the air by activities like farming and construction, as well as by winds. In rare cases, the infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, including the heart and brain.
- Geographic Prevalence: Valley fever is most common in the dry, hot southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. In California, the San Joaquin Valley is a major hotspot, though cases have been reported statewide.
- Airborne Spread: The fungus spores can travel significant distances in the air. “Even if you don’t live in the region, you still might be exposed,” said Katrina Hoyer, an immunologist and professor at UC Merced.
- Prevention: Avoiding dust is the best protection. Kimberly Hernandez, an epidemiologist and division director of health services with the Kern County Public Health Department, recommends staying indoors on windy days and wearing an N95 facemask if you must be outside in dusty conditions.
