DNA profiling is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by analyzing unique patterns in their DNA.
It creates a "genetic fingerprint" or DNA profile that is highly specific to each individual, much like a human fingerprint.
DNA profiling involves isolating and analyzing specific regions of an individual's DNA, such as short tandem repeats (STRs) or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
It is used in criminal investigations to match suspects to crime scene evidence, identify victims of disasters or crimes, and establish biological relationships in cases of paternity testing or missing persons.
DNA profiling is highly accurate and reliable, with a low probability of two individuals sharing the same DNA profile, except in cases of identical twins.
The technique has revolutionized forensic science, leading to the reevaluation of past criminal cases and the exoneration of wrongfully convicted individuals based on DNA evidence.
Despite its effectiveness, DNA profiling faces challenges such as sample degradation, contamination, and interpretation errors, requiring strict protocols and quality control measures.